IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BANTUAN PANGAN NON TUNAI

STUDI KASUS DI DESA JAYAMEKAR KECAMATAN PADALARANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) di Desa Jayamekar Kecamatan Padalarang Kabupaten Bandung Barat, dengan fokus pada pelaksanaan kebijakan, hambatan yang dihadapi, serta upaya penyelesaiannya. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh berbagai permasalahan seperti ketidaktepatan sasaran penerima bantuan, serta tidak meratanya pencairan dana bantuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, dan dianalisis melalui teori implementasi kebijakan van Meter & van Horn. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 10 informan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara teknis implementasi Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) telah sesuai prosedur, namun pelaksanaannya belum optimal. Masih terdapat ketidaktepatan sasaran penerima bantuan akibat data yang belum diperbaharui, minimnya pelatihan dan koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan desa, serta komunikasi yang belum optimal antar pelaksana kebijakan. Selain itu, perubahan mekanisme penyaluran dari e-warong ke sistem non-sembako (tunai) dianggap sebagai langkah perbaikan yang meningkatkan fleksibilitas dan transparansi bantuan, namun belum sepenuhnya mengatasi permasalahan sosial seperti kecemburuan masyarakat dan ketimpangan data. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa implementasi kebijakan Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) di Desa Jayamekar belum tercapai secara menyeluruh. Diperlukan evaluasi terhadap akurasi Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial (DTKS), peningkatan kapasitas pelaksana melalui pelatihan formal, serta pembentukan sistem komunikasi dan koordinasi yang lebih baik dari pusat ke daerah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah pusat lebih melibatkan pemerintah desa dalam penentuan dan verifikasi data penerima, guna meningkatkan ketepatan sasaran dan keadilan sosial dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan bantuan sosial di masa mendatang.

Kata Kunci : Implementasi Kebijakan, Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai, Kebijakan Publik.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) policy in Jayamekar Village, Padalarang District, West Bandung Regency, focusing on policy implementation, obstacles encountered, and efforts to resolve them. This study was motivated by various issues such as the inaccuracy of aid recipients and the uneven distribution of aid funds. This study employs a qualitative approach using the case study method and is analyzed through van Meter & van Horn's policy implementation theory. The research subjects consist of 10 informants selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques include direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that although the technical implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program (BPNT) has been carried out in accordance with procedures, its implementation has not been optimal. There are still inaccuracies in targeting assistance recipients due to outdated data, insufficient training and coordination between the central government and villages, as well as suboptimal communication among policy implementers. Additionally, the change in distribution mechanisms from e-warong to a non-food (cash) system is considered an improvement that enhances the flexibility and transparency of assistance, but it has not fully addressed social issues such as community jealousy and data disparities. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) policy in Jayamekar Village has not been fully achieved. An evaluation of the accuracy of the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS) is needed, along with capacity building for implementers through formal training, and the establishment of a better communication and coordination system from the central to local levels. This study recommends that the central government involve village governments more in determining and verifying recipient data to improve the accuracy of targeting and social justice in the implementation of social assistance policies in the future.

Keywords : Policy Implementation, Non-Cash Food Assistance, Public Policy.